References
Historical developments
(1) Burman M S, ‘Arthroscopy, a direct visualization of joints: an experimental study’ JBJS(Am) 1931; 13(4):669
(2) Tagaki K, ‘The Arthroscope’ J Jap Orthop Assn 1939; a:14:359
(3) Tagaki K, ‘The Arthroscope: The second report’ J Jap Orthop Assn 1939; b:14:441
(4) Watanabe M, Takeda S, Ikeuchi H, Sakakibara J, ‘Development of the Selfoc Arthroscope’ J Jap Orthop Assn 1972; 46:154.
(5) Andrews J R, Previte W J, Carson W G, ‘Arthroscopy of the ankle and normal anatomy’ Foot and Ankle 1985; 6:29.
(6) Guhl J F, ‘Ankle arthroscopy : pathology and surgical techniques.’ Thorafore N J: Slack, 1988
(7) Yates C K, Grana W A, ‘A simple distraction technique for ankle arthroscopy’. Arthroscopy 1988; 4:103
Impingement lesions
(8) Jackson D W, Ashley R D, Powell Jr, ‘Ankle sprains in young athletes: relation of severity and disability’ Clin Orth 1974; 101:201
(9) Smith R W, Reischl S F, ‘Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes’ Am J Sports Med 1986; 14:465
(10) Anderson M E, ‘Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using the plantaris tendon’ JBJS 1985; 67A:930
(11) Freeman M A R, ‘Instability of the foot after injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle’ JBJS 1965; 47B:669
(12) Wolin I, Glassman F, Sideman S, ‘Internal derangement of the talofibular component of the ankle’ Surg Gynecol Obstet 1950; 91:193
(13) Ferkel R D, Karzel R P, Del Pizzo W et al, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of anterolateral impingement of the ankle’ Am J Sports Med 1991; 19:440
(14) Liu S H, Raskin B S, Osti L et al, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of anterolateral ankle impingement’ Arthrosopy 1994; 10:215
(15) Martin D F, Baker C L, Curl W W et al, ‘Operative ankle arthroscopy : long term follow up’ Am J Sports Med 1989; 17:16.
(16) Meislin R J, Rose D J, Parisien S, Springer S, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of synovial impingement of the ankle’ Am J Sports Med 1993; 21:186
(17) Urg’den M, S’y’nc’ Y, Ozdemir H, Sekban H, Akyildiz F F, Aydin A T, ‘Arthroscopic treatment or anterolateral soft tissue impingement of the ankle: evaluation of factors affecting outcome’ Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic and related surgery: AANA and IAA 2005; 21:3; 317-22
(18) Henderson I, La Vallette D, ‘Ankle Impingement: combined anterior and posterior impingement syndrome of the ankle’ Foot and Ankle International / Am Orthropaedic Foot and Ankle Soc 2004; 25:9; 632-8
(19) Kapandji I A, ‘The physiology of the joints’ Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1987:164
(20) Hopkinson W J, St Pierre P, Ryan J B, Wheeler J H, ‘Syndesmosis sprains of the ankle’ Foot Ankle 1990; 10:325
(21) Boytim M J, Fischer D A, Neumann L ‘Syndesmotic ankle sprains’ Am J Sports Med 1991; 19:294
(22) Lui T H, Ip K Y, Chow H T, ‘Comparison of radiographic and arthroscopic diagnoses of distal tibiofibular syndemosis disruption in acute ankle fracture’ Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic and related surgery: AANA and IAA 2005; 21:11; 1370
(23) Bassett F H, Gates H S, Billys J B, et al ‘Talar impingement by the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament. A cause of chronic pain in the ankle after inversion sprain’ JBJS 1990; 72A:55
(24) Ferkel R D ‘Arthroscopic Surgery, The Foot and Ankle’ Lipincott Raven 1996. 132-133
(25) Hamilton W G, ‘Foot and ankle injuries in dancers’ Clin sports med 1988; 7:160
Inflammatory lesions
(26) Schoenholz G J, ‘Athroscopic surgery of the shoulder elbow and ankle’ Springfield, IL:Charles C Thomas 1987:59
(27) Aschan W, Moberg E, ‘A long term study of the effect of early synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis’ Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst 1984; 44:106.
(28) Goldie I F, ‘Synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis: The theoretical aspects and a 14 year follow up in the knee’ Reconstr Surg Traumatol 1981; 18:2
(29) Granowitz S P, D’Antonia J, Mankin H J, ‘The pathogenesis and long term results of PVNS’ Clin Orth 1976; 114:335 Beltran J, Notto AM, Mosure J C, ‘Ankle surface coil MR imaging at 1.5tl’ Radiology 1986; 161:203
(30) Holm C L, ‘Primary synovial chondromatosis of the ankle’ JBJS 1976; 58A:878.
(31) Chen Y, ‘Arthroscopy of the ankle joint’; ‘Arthroscopy of small joints’ New York: Ikaku-shoin, 1985
(32) Dunn Amy L, Busch M T, Wyly J B, Sullivan K M, Abshire T C, ‘Arthroscopic synovectomy for hempohilic joint disease in pediatric population’ Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2004; 24:4; 414-26
Infections
(33) Ferkel R D ‘Arthroscopic Surgery, The Foot and Ankle’ Lipincott Raven 1996. 140-141
(34) Stutz G, Kuster M S, Kleinst’ck F, G’chter A, ‘Arthroscopic management of septic arthritis: stages of infection and results’ Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthrocsopy: official journal of the ESSKA 2000; 8:5; 270-4
Arthrofibrosis
(35) Lui T H, Chan W K, Chan K B, ‘The arthroscopic management management of frozen ankle’ Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the AANA and IAA 2006; 22:3; 283-6
OLT
(36) Monro A, ‘Microgeologie’ Berlin: Th Billroth, 1856:236
(37) Konnig F, ‘Veber freie Korper in den Gelenken’ Dtsch Z Chir 1888; 27:90
(38) Kappis M, ‘Weitere Beitrage zu traumatisch - mechanischen Enstehung der ‘spontanen’ Knorpelalblosungen sogen’ Dtsch Z Chir 1922; 171:13
(39) Berndt A L, Harty M, ‘Transchondral fractures of the talus’ JBJS 1959; 41A:988
(40) O’Donoghue D H, ‘Chondral and osteochondral fractures’ J Trauma 1966; 6:469
(41) Campbell C J, Ranawat C S, ‘Osteochondritis Dissecans : the question of aetiology’ J Trauma 1966; 6:201
(42) Alexander A H, Lichtman O M, ‘Surgical treatment of transchondral dome fractures. JBJS 1980; 62A:646
(43) Canale S T, Belding R H, ‘Osteochondral lesions of the talus’ JBJS 1980; 62A:97
(44) Thompson J P, Loomer R L, ‘Osteochondral lesions of the talus in a sports medicine clinic’ Am J Sports Med 1984; 12:460
(45) Berndt A L, Harty M, ‘Transchondral fractures of the talus’ JBJS 1959; 41A:988
(46) Ferkel R D, Sgaglione N A, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: long term results’ Orth Trans 1993-1994; 17:1011
(47) Verhagen R A W, Maas M, Dijkgraaf M G W, Tol J L, Krips R, van Dijk C N, ‘Prospective study on diagnostic strategies in osteochodral lesions of the talus. Is MRI superior to helical CT?’ JBJS 2005; 87:1; 41-6
(48) Zinman C, Wolfson N, Reiss N D, ‘Osteochondritis of the dome of the talus’ JBJS 1988; 70A; 1017
(49) Zinman C, Reiss N D, ‘Osteochondritis of the talus : use of the high resolution computed tomography scanner’ Acta Orthop Scand 1982; 52:697
(50) Dipaoala J D, Nelson D W, Colville M R, ‘Characterising osteochondral lesions by magnetic resonance imaging’ Arthroscopy 1991; 7:101
(51) Nelson D W, Dipaoala J, Colville M R, Schmidgall J, ‘Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus and knee: prospective comparison of MR and arthroscopic classification’ J Comp Assist Tomography 1990; 14:804
(52) Anderson I F, Crichton K J, Grattan-Smith T et al, ‘Osteochondral fractures of the dome of the talus’ JBJS 1989; 71A:1143
(53) Cheng M S, Ferkel R D, Applegate GR ‘Osteochondral lesions of the talus : a radiologic and surgical comparison’ Presented at the AAOS Feb 1995
(54) Loomer R, Fischer C, Lloyd-Smith R et al, ‘Osteochondral lesions of the talus’ Am J Sports Med 1993; 21:13
(55) Takao M, Uchio Y, Kakimaru H, Kumahashi N, Ochi M, ‘Arthroscopic drilling with debridement of remaining cartilage for osteochondral lesions of the talar dome in unstable ankles’ Am J Sports Med 2004; 32:2; 332-6
(56) Buckwalter J A, Cruess R L, ‘Healing of the musculoskeletal tissues’ in (57) Rockwood C A Jr, Green D P, Bucholz R W eds, ‘Fractures in adults’ Philadelphia: J B Lipincott, 1991:181
(58) Buckwalter J A, Mow V C, ‘Cartilage repair in osteoarthritis’ In Moskowitz R W, Howell D S, Goldberg V M, Mankin H J eds, ‘Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and medical / surgical management’ Philadelphia; W B Saunders, 1992:71
(59) Buckwalter J A, Rosenberg L C, Hunziker E B ‘Articular cartilage: composition, structure, response to injury, and methods of facilitating repair’ In Ewing JW ed, ‘Articular cartilage and knee joint function: basic science and arthroscopy’ New York: Raven Press , 1990:19
(60) Johnson L L, ‘Arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty , historical and pathological perspective: present status’ Arthroscopy 1986; 2:54
(61) Johnson L L, ‘The sclerotic lesion: pathology and the response to arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty’ In Ewing J W, ed ‘Articular cartilage and knee joint function, basic science and arthroscopy’ New York: Raven Press, 1990:319
(62) Buckwalter J A, Cruess R L, ‘Healing of the musculoskeletal tissues’ In Rockwood CA Jr, Green D P, Bucholz R W eds ‘Fractures in adults’ Philadelphia: J B Lipincott, 1991:181.
(63) Shapiro E, Koide S Glimcher M J, ‘Cell origin and differentiation in the repair of full thickness defects of articular cartilage’ JBJS 1993; 75A:532.
(64) Mitchell N, Shepard N ‘The resurfacing of adult rabbit articular cartilage by multiple perforations through the subchondral bone’ JBJS 1976; 58A:230
(65) Mukherjee S K, Young A B, ‘Dome fractures of the talus - a report of ten cases’ JBJS 1973; 55B:319
(66) Naumetz V A, Schweigel J F, ‘Osteocartilagenous lesions of the talar dome’ J Trauma 1980; 20:924
(67) Pettine K A, Morrey B F, ‘Osteochondral fractures of the talus, a long term follow-up’ JBJS 1987; 69B:89
(68) Baker C L, Andrews J F, Ryan J B, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of transchondral talar dome fractures’ Arthroscopy 1986; 2:82
(69) Parisien J S, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus’ Am J Sports Med 1986; 14:211 .
(70) Van Buecken K P, Barrack M D, Alexander A H, Ertl J ‘Arthroscopic treatment of transchondral talar dome fractures’ Am J Sports Med 1989; 17:350
(71) Frank A, Cohen P, Beaufils P, Lamare J, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talar dome’ Arthroscopy 1989; 5:57
Loose bodies and osteophytes
(72) Martin D F, Baker C L, Curl W W et al ‘Operative ankle arthroscopy, long term follow up. Am J Sports Med 1989; 17:16
(73) Ferkel R D, Fischer S P, ‘Progress in ankle arthroscopy’ Clin Orth 1989; 240:210
(74) O’Donoghue D H, ‘Chondral and osteochondral fractures’ J Trauma 1966; 6 469
(75) Stoller S M, ‘A Comparative study of the frequency of anterior impingement exostosis of the ankle in the dancer and non-dancer’ Foot Ankle 1984; 4:201
(76) Hawkins R B, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of sports related anterior osteophytes in the ankle’ Foot Ankle 1988; 9:87
(77) Tol J L, Verheyen C P, van Dijk C N, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of anterior impingement in the ankle’ JBJS 2001; 83:1; 9-13
(78) Tol J L, Verhagen R AW, Krips R, Maas M, Wessel R, Dijkgraaf M G W, van Dijk C N, ‘The anterior ankle impingement syndrome: diagnostic calue of oblique radiographs’ Foot & Ankle International / Am Orth Foot and Ankle Soc (and) Swiss Foot and Ankle Society 2004; 25:2; 63-8
(79) Takao M, Uchio Y, Naito K, Kono T, Oae K, Ochi M ‘Arthroscopic treatment for anterior impingement exotosis of the ankle: application of three-dimensional computed tomography’ Foot & Ankle International / Am Orth Foot and Ankle Soc (and) Swiss Foot and Ankle Society 2004; 25:2; 59-62
(80) Martin D F, Baker C L, Curl W W et al, ‘Operative ankle arthroscopy - long term follow up’ Am J Sports Med 1989; 17:16.
(81) Hawkins R B, ‘Arthroscopic treatment of sports related anterior osteophytes in the ankle’ Foot Ankle 1988; 9:87
(82) Ogilvie-Harris D J, Mahomed N, Demaziere A, ‘Anterior impingement of the ankle treated by athroscopic removal of bony spurs’ JBJS 1993; 75B:437
(83) Scranton P E, McDermott J E, ‘Anterior tibio-talar spurs: a comparison of open versus arthroscopic treatment’ Foot Ankle 1992; 13:125
(84) St Pierre R K, Velazco A, Fleming L L, ‘Impingement exostosis of the talus and fibula secondary to an inversion sprain - a case report’ Foot Ankle 1983; 3:282
Chondral lesions
(85) Cheung H S, Cottrell W H, Stephenson K, Nimni M E, ‘In vitro collagen biosynthesis in healing and normal rabbit articular cartilage’ JBJS 1978; 60A:1076
(86) Aichroth P M, Patel D, Moyes S T , ‘Arthroscopic Debridement for Degenerative Arthritis of the Knee’ SICOT (International Orthopaedics ) 1991; 1:p 351-355
Degenerative disease
(87) Cheng J, Ferkel R D, ‘The role of arthroscopy in ankle and subtalar degenerative joint disease’ Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1998; 349; 65-72
Ankle fractures
(88) Ono A, Nishikawa S, Nagao A, Irie T, Sasaki M, Kuono T, ‘Arthroscopically assisted treatment of ankle fractures: arthroscopic findings and surgical outcomes’ Arthroscopy: journal of arthroscopic and related surgery 2004; 20:6; 627-31
(89) Hintermann B, Regazzoni P, Lampert C, Stutz G, G’chter A, ‘Arthroscopic findings in acute fractures of the ankle’ JBJS 2000; 82:3; 345-51
Lateral ligament instability
(90) Glasgow M, Jackson A, Jamieson A M, ‘Instability of the ankle after injury to the lateral ligament’ JBJS 1980; 62B:196
(91) Sefton G K, George J, Fitton J M, McMullen H, ‘Reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament for the treatment of the unstable ankle’ JBJS 1979; 61B:352 .
(92) Hawkins R B, ‘Arthroscopic repair for chronic lateral ankle instability’ In Guhl J F, ed ‘Foot and ankle arthroscopy’ Thorafore , N J: Slack, 1993: 155.
(93) Nilsonne H, ‘Making a new ligament in ankle sprain’ JBJS 1949 ; 31A : 380
(94) Brostrom L, ‘Sprained ankles : VI. Surgical treatment of ‘chronic’ ligament ruptures’ Acta Chir Scand 1966 ; 132 : 551
(95) Hamilton W G, Thomson F M, Snow S W, ‘The modified Brostrom procedure for lateral ankle instability’ Foot Ankle 1993; 14:1
(96) Colville M R, Marder R A, Zarins B ‘Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments - a biomechanical analysis’ Am J Sports Med 1991 ; 20 :594.
(97) Johnson E E, Markolf K L, ‘The contribution of the anterior talofibular ligament to ankle joint laxity’ JBJS 1983; 65A:81 .
(98) Ruth C J, ‘The surgical treatment of the fibular collateral ligament of the ankle’ JBJS 1961; 43A:229
(99) Gollehon D L, Drez D, ‘Ankle arthroscopy - approaches and technique’ Orthopaedics 1983; 6:1150
(100) Krips R, de Vries J, van Dijk C N, ‘Ankle Instability’ Foot and Ankle Clinics 2006; 11:2; 311-29
(101) Takao M, UchioY, Naito K, Fukazawa I, Ochi M, ‘Arthroscopic assessment for intra-articular disorders in residual ankle disability after sprain’ Am J Sports Med 2005; 33:5; 686-92
(102) Okuda R, Kinoshite M, Morikawa J, Yasuda T, Abe M, ‘Arthroscopic ankle findings in chronic ankle instability: do focal chondral lesions influence the results of ligament reconstruction?’ Am J Sports Med 2005; 33:1; 35-42
Ankle arthrodesis
(103) Ahlberg A, Henricson A S, ‘Late results of ankle fusion’ Acta Orthop Scand 198; 52:103
(104) Boobyer G N, ‘The long term results of ankle arthrodesis’ Acta Orthop Scand 1981; 52:107
(105) Johnson F W, Boseker E H, ‘Arthrodesis of the ankle’ Arch Surg 1968; 97:766
(106) Morrey B F, Wiedeman G P, ‘Complications and long term results of ankle arthrodesis following trauma’ JBJS 1980; 62A777
(107) Said E, Hunka L, Siller T M, ‘Where ankle fusion stands today’ JBJS 1978; 60B:211
(108) Morgan C D, Henke J A, Bailey R W, Kaufer H, ‘Long term results of tibio-talar arthrodesis’ JBJS 1985; 67A:546
(109) Schneider D, ‘Arthroscopic ankle fusion’ Arth Video 1983; 3
(110) Morgan D C, ‘Arthroscopic tibiotalar arthrodesis . Jefferson Orthop J 198; 16:50
(111) Myerson M S, Allon S M, ‘Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis . Contemp Orthop 1989; 19:21
(112) Myerson M S, Quill G, ‘Ankle arthrodesis - a comparison of an arthroscopic and an open method of treatment’ Clin Orth 1991; l 268:84
(113) Ogilvie-Harris D J, Lieberman I, Fitsialis D, ‘Athroscopically assisted arthrodesis for osteoarthritic ankles’ JBJS 1993; 75A 1167
(114) Winson I G et al, ‘Arthroscopic arthrodesis’ JBJS 2005; 87:3; 343-7
(115) Mann R A, Coughlin M, ‘Surgery of the foot and ankle’ St.Louis: C V Mosby, 1991; 676
(116) Mazur J M, Schwartz E, Simon S R, ‘Ankle arthrodesis: long term follow-up with gait analysis’ JBJS 1979; 61A:964
(117) Morgan C D, Henke J A, Bailey R W, Kaufer H, ‘Long term results of tibio-talar arthrodesis’ JBJS 1985; 67A:546
(118) Campbell C J, Rinehart W T, Kalenak A, ‘Arthrodesis of the ankle: deep autogenous graft with maximum cancellous bone apposition’ JBJS 1974; 56A:63
(119) Scranton P E Jr, ‘Use of internal compression in arthrodesis of the ankle’ JBJS 1985; 67A:550.
(120) Holt E W, Hanson S T, Mayo K A, Sangeorzan B J, ‘Ankle arthrodesis using internal screw fixation’ Clin Orth 1991; 268:21
(121) Mann J A, Glick J M, Morgan C T et al, ‘Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis: experience with 75 cases’ AAOS Feb 1995